Best 12-Volt Coolers (Review & Buying Guide) in 2023
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BYLisa Conant/ LAST UPDATED ON May 9, 2023
For the frequent camper, tailgater, or even picnicker, the ever-present Tetris challenge of organizing your cold food amidst wet, messy, and melting bags of ice gets old fast. Traditional coolers are a great option for short-term trips and excursions, but if you’re planning a multi-day camping trip, hike, road trip, or looking to add more chilled food storage to your RV, a 12-volt cooler can be a game-changer.
These high-tech coolers eliminate the reliance on ice and can greatly extend the length of time you can safely store cold food and drinks on board. From slim, affordable options for carrying cans to larger, more permanent fridge/freezer/ice maker combos, there’s something to suit every need. I’ve done the heavy lifting for you and chosen some top picks to make your selection easier. There’s also an informative buying guide to answer all your burning questions.
Best Overall
Dometic CFX3 35-Liter Portable Refrigerator and Freezer
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Summary
This powerful cooler can reach a temperature of -7 degrees Fahrenheit, allowing it to be used not only as a refrigerator but as a freezer as well.
- Can function as a refrigerator or freezer, or both
- Multiple power options
- Can be controlled via the handy app
- Hefty price tag
- Heavy and bulky, not very portable
Best Value
Wagan 12V Personal Cooler/Warmer
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Summary
This affordable choice can not only chill your food and beverages but also warm them as well, giving you practically unlimited options for food on the go.
- Affordable
- Can chill or warm food
- Large enough to hold a two-liter wine bottle
- AC adapter has to be purchased separately
- Somewhat bulky and cumbersome in size
Honorable Mention
Coleman PowerChill Hot/Cold Portable Thermoelectric Cooler
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Summary
Designed to look more like a mini-fridge, this 40-quart thermoelectric cooler can cool your food up to 40 degrees Fahrenheit below the surrounding room temperature. As a bonus, it can also keep your food warm.
- Can warm or chill food
- Can stand upright or lay on its side
- Door can open from left or right
- Fan and compressor could be more durable
- Takes up a lot of space in a car or truck
Summary List
- Best Overall: Dometic CFX3 35-Liter Portable Refrigerator and Freezer
- Best Budget: Wagan 12V Personal Cooler/Warmer
- Honorable Mention: Coleman PowerChill Hot/Cold Portable Thermoelectric Cooler
- Best Premium: Dometic CFX3 55-Liter Portable Refrigerator and Freezer with Ice Maker
- Best for Tailgating: Koolatron Voyager Thermoelectic Cooler
- Best Portable: Igloo 28 Quart Iceless Thermoelectric 12 Volt Portable Ice Chest
- Best Space-Saving Design: Koolatron 12V Compact Electric Cooler and Warmer
- Most Versatile: Alpicool C40 Portable Refrigerator
Our Methodology
When it comes to choosing the best 12-volt coolers available, I wanted to provide you with a well-rounded list that features a solid variety of reputable manufacturers with a history of providing high-quality, long-lasting products. I wanted to include a wide range of price points to suit any budget and cooler sizes to suit any needs. Lastly, I wanted to include only those coolers that are constructed using the latest technological advancements and innovative materials for maximal function. For more info on our selection criteria, go to The Drive’s Gear About page, which explains our methodology further.
Best 12-Volt Cooler Reviews & Recommendations
Best Overall
Dometic CFX3 35-Liter Portable Refrigerator and Freezer
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The Dometic CFX3 35-Liter Portable Refrigerator is one of the most powerful coolers on the list, reaching a temperature of -7 degrees Fahrenheit. This allows it to be used not only as a refrigerator but as a freezer as well, giving you great long-term cooling options. With two separate compartments, you can also use it as a fridge and a freezer simultaneously. It can be powered by AC, DC, or solar, making it also one of the most versatile coolers on the list. This unit features handy removable wire baskets so that you can organize and store heavy or delicate items accordingly.
It also comes with a bright color display and soft-touch buttons for easy operation. W-iFi and Bluetooth connectivity let you control the temperature of the unit via the handy app, making this one of the most high-tech coolers on the market, adding even more to its versatility. Keep in mind that this cooler is heavy, weighing a whopping 37 pounds when empty. Its serious size and bulk make it one of the least portable options. It also comes with a pretty hefty price tag.
Specs
- Brand: Dometic
- Capacity: 35 liters
- Weight: 37 pounds
Pros
- Can function as a refrigerator or freezer, or both
- Multiple power options
- Can be controlled via the handy app
Cons
- Hefty price tag
- Heavy and bulky, not very portable
Best Value
Wagan 12V Personal Cooler/Warmer
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When it comes to affordability, the Wagan 12V Personal Cooler/Warmer offers just what you need at a refreshingly low price. It can not only chill your food and beverages but also warm them as well, giving you practically unlimited options for food on the go. It features a 14-liter capacity that can hold up to 12 soda cans, standard-sized water bottles, and even two-liter and wine bottles. This unit can cool to 32 to 36 degrees Fahrenheit below room temperature, and it can heat food to a maximum warming temperature of 140 degrees Fahrenheit.
To use it, all you do is plug the unit into your vehicle’s 12-volt power outlet and slide the temperature control switch to your desired temp. It comes with a nine-foot DC power cord that easily extends into your car’s backseat and a built-in shoulder strap for easy transportation. It has an optional AC adapter that allows you to use it in your home or office, but that has to be purchased separately, unfortunately. This model is also less streamlined and slim than some others on the market, and the top lid is a bit bulky and cumbersome.
Specs
- Brand: Wagan
- Capacity: 14 liters
- Weight: 10.
25 pounds
Pros
- Affordable
- Can chill or warm food
- Large enough to hold a two-liter wine bottle
Cons
- AC adapter has to be purchased separately
- Somewhat bulky and cumbersome in size
Honorable Mention
Coleman PowerChill Hot/Cold Portable Thermoelectric Cooler
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Designed to look more like a mini-fridge, this 40-quart thermoelectric cooler can cool your food up to 40 degrees Fahrenheit below the surrounding room temperature. As a bonus, it can also keep your food warm. It features a versatile door that can open from either the left or the right side, just like a refrigerator, giving you plenty of options for placing it in an inconspicuous and out-of-the-way area. You can also stand it upright or lay it down for even more storage options.
The cooler reaches maximum coldness in approximately three hours, making it one of the more efficient options on the list. It can hold up to 44 12-ounce cans and comes with a handy divider shelf to store more delicate items separately. One issue with this cooler is that it is relatively bulky compared to some other options and takes up quite a bit more space in your vehicle. Also, be sure not to block the fan and compressor, as this can lead to permanent malfunction and decreased cooling capacity.
Specs
- Brand: Coleman
- Capacity: 40 quarts
- Weight: 18 pounds
Pros
- Can warm or chill food
- Can stand upright or lay on its side
- Door can open from left or right
Cons
- Fan and compressor could be more durable
- Takes up a lot of space in a car or truck
Best Premium
Dometic CFX3 55-Liter Portable Refrigerator and Freezer with Ice Maker
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If you’re looking for the most luxurious cooling option on the market, Dometic returns to the list, and the CFX3 55-Liter Portable Refrigerator, Freezer, and Ice Maker is the cream of the crop. As the name implies, you not only get refrigerator/freezer capabilities, but (gasp!) an ice maker, too. The compressor on this unit is rugged and powerful enough to cool your food to as low as -7 degrees Fahrenheit. The heavy-duty ExoFrame construction and aluminum alloy handles ensure that this cooler will hold up against some serious wear and tear.
This unit comes equipped with a weatherproof, high-resolution, color display interface and soft-touch buttons that allow for easy control and monitoring. The CFX3 app lets you control the cooler via Bluetooth or Wi-Fi connectivity for added versatility. Being such a powerful unit, you might expect this cooler to be an energy hog, but it uses only about 1Ah per hour of use, making it extremely efficient. The drawbacks? The sphincter-tightening price tag and its overall heavy weight and bulky size.
Specs
- Brand: Dometic
- Capacity: 46 liters
- Weight: 47 pounds
Pros
- Extra large capacity
- Powered by AC/DC/solar
- Can make ice
Cons
- Very expensive
- Heavy and not space saving
Best for Tailgating
Koolatron Voyager Thermoelectric Cooler
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The Koolatron Voyager is a mid-sized thermoelectric portable cooler with storage space to hold at least 48 cans. It doesn’t just cool your food to 40 degrees lower than the ambient temperature, but it can also warm your food to 145 degrees Fahrenheit. To add the cherry on top, you can still use it whether you place it horizontally or vertically. The fan motor is the only moving part in this unit, which is good since it doesn’t have many moving parts that are likely to break down.
In contrast to a typical compressor refrigerator, this product doesn’t jolt or vibrate. Furthermore, it is a low-voltage cooler with a dual-zone DC/AC power source, which is helpful when you want to charge it outside your car. The biggest downside of the Koolatron Voyager is that it doesn’t keep snacks or drinks too cold compared to a compressor refrigerator which can preserve your frozen food. Despite this shortcoming, it is a solid portable cooler for families who are constantly on the road and want to keep their food chilled for a few days.
Specs
- Brand: Koolatron
- Capacity: 27.
5 liters
- Weight: 11 pounds
Pros
- Can hold up to 48 cans
- Functions as a cooler or warmer
- Can be used horizontally or vertically
Cons
- Doesn’t get as cold as some other models
- Doesn’t include dividers to keep food separated
Best Portable
Igloo 28 Quart Iceless Thermoelectric 12 Volt Portable Ice Chest
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Proudly made in the USA, Igloo has been delivering top-quality, reliable coolers for generations. This cooler model is made from rugged and durable, yet lightweight PU plastic with a waterproof and rust-proof polypropylene liner. It features a swing-up bale handle for easy carrying and transportation. It also comes equipped with two molded side handles for two-handed lifting and carrying. With its 28-quart capacity, it can hold up to 32 12-ounce cans.
This unit also comes with an 8-inch long power cord that plugs directly into your vehicle’s 12-volt power receptacle for ice-free cooling. With no need for ice, this cooler maximizes your usable food storage space. It’s able to cool contents to 36 degrees Fahrenheit. One thing that would make this cooler even more versatile would be if it came with a DC power cord as well as the included 12-volt. As it comes, you can only power it through your car.
Specs
- Brand: Igloo
- Capacity: 24 Liters
- Weight: 12.5 pounds
Pros
- Strong carrying handle for portability
- Lightweight
- Quiet, compressor-free operation
Cons
- 12-volt plug could be more durable
- Doesn’t include a DC power cord
Best Space-Saving Design
Koolatron 12V Compact Electric Cooler and Warmer
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This 18-quart cooler/warmer is slim and compact and a good option for small cars, SUVs, and minivans. It’s able to fit up to 23 standard soda cans. It features a folding handle and uses 12 volts to cool down or warm up beverages and meals. It cools up to 40 degrees Fahrenheit and heats up to 140 degrees Fahrenheit. It’s a versatile product that you can plug into standard outlets in your home or hotel as well as your vehicle. Note that you will need to purchase the AC adapter separately, however.
Thanks to its slim profile, you can put it behind the passenger seat or even in between two captains chairs in some vehicles. It’s very easy to open even if you’re driving. It’s also very lightweight and easy to carry. Overall, it’s more than adequate to provide a few years of service as long as you take care of it. However, there have been some complaints that the fan stopped working after a few months of use. Also, if you turn it off for a while you may lose the coolness, and it takes a while to cool down again.
Specs
- Brand: Koolatron
- Capacity: 17 liters
- Weight: 9.6 pounds
Pros
- Slim, space-saving design
- Ultra lightweight
- Can function as a cooler or a warmer
Cons
- Smaller capacity than many other models
- Fan could be more durable and reliable
Most Versatile
Alpicool C40 Portable Refrigerator
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Specs
- Brand: Alpicool
- Capacity: 40 liters
- Weight: 35.
1 pounds
Pros
- Can function as a refrigerator or freezer
- Offers customizable cooling settings
- Gets cold quickly
Cons
- Noisier than some models
- Consumes more energy than some other options
This cooler offers a 42-quart capacity, which is room enough to fit up to 54 12-ounce cans without the need for ice. It is equipped with intelligent cooling technology that can go from 77 degrees Fahrenheit down to 32 degrees in as little as 30 minutes. It also features adjustable ECO and MAX cooling modes for customizable energy consumption and cooling time. This unit can also reach temperatures as low as -4 degrees Fahrenheit, making it an excellent fridge or freezer option. You can also run it with a small solar-powered bank if you want.
It features premium quality construction with a stainless steel case, rubberized footpads, a rugged drain plug for easy draining, and heavy-duty handles for easy transportation. One thing to note is that this unit has a more considerable battery drain than many others, so be mindful of not killing your car’s battery when you’re using it. It’s also quite heavy when fully loaded and is much less portable than some other options.
Our Verdict on the Best 12-Volt Coolers
If you want a reliable, well-designed, versatile 12-volt cooler that offers plenty of space and lots of cooling options, my top pick has to be the Dometic CFX3 35-Liter Portable Refrigerator and Freezer. It’s one of the most powerful coolers on the list, reaching a temperature of -7 degrees Fahrenheit, which allows it to function as a refrigerator, freezer, or both.
For a rugged and dependable option that won’t break the bank, check out the Wagan 12V Personal Cooler/Warmer. It features a 14-liter capacity that can hold up to 12 soda cans, standard-sized water bottles, and even two-liter and wine bottles.
What to Consider When Buying a 12-Volt Cooler
Choosing a 12-volt cooler might seem simple at first glance, but you have so many options when it comes to cooling capacity, cooler size, durability, weight, etc. There are several key factors to consider to ensure you’re getting the best 12-volt cooler to suit your needs and preferences.
Types of 12-Volt Coolers
Compressor Cooler/Refrigerator
The design of a 12-volt compressor refrigerator is similar to a typical home refrigerator. The mechanism behind it relies on compressing a cooling agent or a fluid refrigerant to regulate the temperature, making it flexible to be used as either a fridge or a freezer. Unlike other types of 12-volt coolers, compressor refrigerators can still function smoothly when inclined or leveled.
Thermoelectric Coolers
A little bit old-fashioned, a thermoelectric cooler doesn’t have the capability to freeze your food or make ice. Nevertheless, a thermoelectric cooler can reduce the internal temperature to 40 degrees Fahrenheit below the ambient temperature. If you’re going for a short trip or you live in a place with a cool climate, a thermoelectric cooler would be ideal for your situation. Mind you, a thermoelectric cooler can’t keep your food cold when the ambient temperature is above 77 degrees Fahrenheit.
Absorption Refrigerators
Mostly found in RVs, absorption refrigerators run on three different power sources: 12V DC, propane, and 110 AV. In contrast to thermoelectric and compressor coolers, it uses a lot of power to function, and it can easily drain your battery. Just like a thermoelectric cooler, it is dependent on the outside environment, but it can only go down to 30 degrees below the ambient temperature.
12-Volt Cooler Key Features
Storage Capacity
Before you buy a 12-volt cooler, ask yourself: how many people will be using the cooler in your car? If it is just you, a small unit could be satisfactory. However, if you want a cooler to use with your family, or you’re a trucker who is usually on the road for weeks, you will need a larger heavy-duty 12-volt cooler.
Energy Efficiency
Since you will be dealing with a cooler that plugs in, energy efficiency should be a priority. A solar-compatible and battery-powered cooler is expensive, but in the long run, it can save you a lot of money. Additionally, the less energy a product uses without compromising the quality, the better it is.
Insulation
A well-insulated cooling system shouldn’t drop the inside temperature too fast when it is opened and closed. A slight drop in temperature is expected, but anything drastic is a red flag that there is an issue with the insulation. Otherwise, a tightly-sealed cooler should keep the same internal temperature when it is exposed directly to the sun.
Portability
Most 12-volt coolers are designed to be easily portable, going from your camper to a tailgating party, picnic, the beach, etc. If this is the case, be sure to get an option that features a heavy-duty carrying handle, optional wheels for easy towing, and lightweight construction. However, if your primary purpose in purchasing a 12-volt cooler is to add cold storage capacity to your camper or RV, maybe you need something less portable with a larger internal compartment and customizable temperature options.
12-Volt Cooler Pricing
You can pick up a decently sized, portable, and reliable 12-volt cooler for less than $100. These are typically the traditional thermoelectric coolers that offer straightforward cooling or warming function with few bells and whistles. For between $100 and $500, you can purchase a very high-end, large-capacity thermoelectric cooler or a portable compressor-operated refrigerator/freezer option. If you’re looking for a large capacity refrigerator/freezer 12-volt cooler that offers plenty of customizable features and high-tech design, expect to spend between $550 and $1,200.
FAQs
You’ve got questions. The Drive has answers.
Q: Can a 12-volt cooler drain the car battery?
A: Generally, a 12-volt cooler will not have the capacity to drain your car battery while your car is running. However, many models will continue to draw power, whether your vehicle is turned on or not, so be sure to check your user’s manual before leaving your 12-volt cooler plugged into your car with the ignition off.
Q: How long will a 12-volt cooler keep food cold when disconnected?
A: As long as the cooler is properly sealed and the lid isn’t opened, it should keep your food cold for hours. The best travel coolers for cars are well-insulated to avoid cold air from escaping when it is unplugged.
Q: How effective are 12-volt coolers for warming food or drinks?
A: A 12-volt cooler can’t heat up your food like a microwave or fully cook it like an electric cooker. The heating option is only available to provide a modest level of warmth to make it comfortable to eat your food or drink your beverage.
Q: How much power does a 12-volt cooler use?
A: Depending on your 12-volt cooler’s size, insulation thickness, compressor style, ambient temperature, and chosen cooling temperature, most 12-volt coolers will use one to six amps per hour when running.
Q: How long does it take for a 12-volt cooler to get cold?
A: Depending on the size and cooling capacity of your 12-volt cooler, you can expect it to be cold enough to safely store food anywhere from four to 12 hours after initially turning it on.
Why Trust Us
Our reviews are driven by a combination of hands-on testing, expert input, “wisdom of the crowd” assessments from actual buyers, and our own expertise. We always aim to offer genuine, accurate guides to help you find the best picks.
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12 Volt Coolers | 12 Volt Cooler
We’re your one stop shop for 12 volt coolers and warmers. These portable electric coolers were designed to safely, conveniently and cost effectively keep your food and beverages cool or warm; it’s your choice.
Our 12 Volt coolers and warmers will heat or cool your breakfast, lunch or dinner and beverages; whichever you prefer. These appliances are extremely portable and can be used in your car, RV or truck while traveling. Our 12V coolers and warmers keep the contents at the desired temperature using only a small amount of power. We carry 12 Volt Coolers from familiar reputable manufacturers such as Coleman, Koolatron, Wagan, Roadpro and Black & Decker.
6-Quart 12-Volt Thermoelectric Cooler/Warmer
12 Volt Cooler Overview Features Specifications The Wagan Tech 6 Quart 12-Volt Personal Thermoelectric Cooler/Warmer keeps food and drinks cool or…
Rated 4.5/5
18 Quart Compact 12 Volt Cooler/Warmer
Perfect for road trips and everyday commuting. Designed to fit between most van, Minivan or SUV seats for added convenience.
• Cools to 40F below ambient
• Exterior HxWxD: 16.25″ x 17.5″ x 8.5″
• 18qt/23 12oz can Capacity
• 48Watt draw @ 12Volts
• 7.5lb Empty Weight
Rated 5/5
26 Quart Thermoelectric Soft Bag Cooler
Top performer! Lightweight, Powerful, Efficient and easily carried with the included shoulder strap. This cooler is made for on-the-go portability.
• Dimensions HxWxD: 15″ x 17.5″ x 9″
• 5.7lbs/2.6kg Empty Weight
• 26qt Or 34 12oz can Capacity
• 4.5Watt Power Consumption
Rated 4.5/5
Fun-Kool 26 Quart 12 Volt Thermo-Electric Cooler
Store food and drinks for the weekend. Cooler lid is easily removed for cleaning! Cooling fan is built into lid for easy cleaning & cooling.
• 50.4Watt/4.2Amp Power Consumption
• Exterior LxWxH: 16″ x 11. 75″ x 17″
• Interior LxWxH: 12.6″ x 8.75″ x 13.3″
• 9lb Empty Weight
Rated 5/5
29 Quart Koolatron Thermoelectric Cooler
Thermoelectric operation saves money and time stopping for ice while OTR. Capable of Horizontal or Vertical operation.
• 29 Quart Capacity OR 48-12oz cans.
• 48Watt Power Consumption
• Exterior LxWxH: – 15.5″ x 16″ x 17″
• Interior LxWxH: 12″ x 12″ x 12″
• 13lbs Empty Weight
Rated 4.25/5
12 Volt Snackmaster Deluxe Family Size Cooler/Warmer
As both a 12 Volt Cooler and food Warmer you save by not buying individual appliances. Highly efficient Thermoelectric design spares space, power and noise.
• Fused 8′ DC Power Cord
• AC/DC Operation (12v & 110V)
• Exterior HxWxD: 20″ x 11.5 ” x 12.25″
• Interior HxWxD: 13″ x 9″ x 9.5″
Rated 4.5/5
Koolatron Super-Kool 12 Volt Cooler for Trucks, RV’s and Boats
One of our most popular 12 volt coolers! AC/DC Operation for convenience and versatility.
• 48L Capacity Or 46 12oz cans 1.7Cu.Ft
• 30°F-140°F Operational Temp Range
• Exterior HxWxD: 20″ x 18.5″ x 17″
• Empty Weight 25lbs
• LED lit Interior
• Includes 12V & 110V Power Cords!
Rated 5/5
Coleman PowerChill 12 Volt Cooler with Adjustable Shelf
Same Great Coleman PowerChill Cooler, but with new motor design which provides quiet, long lasting performance. Use laying down or upright like a mini-fridge.
• Reversible Door
• 40 Quart or 44 12oz can Capacity
• 17lb Empty Weight
• Exterior LxWxH: 21.75″ x 15″ x 17.125″
Coolers 12 volts in Yekaterinburg: 1079 products: free shipping, discount-72% [link]
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- 4 pin
- Connection options 904 81
- 3-pin to 4-pin
- Connect directly to PSU
- How to change the fan speed
- Is it possible to install multiple fans
wires
Personal computer components generate a lot of heat energy. If the problem of heat removal is not solved, excessive heating will inevitably lead to the failure of expensive components.
When building or upgrading a PC, this task is solved by installing a sufficient number of coolers (fans). Bypassing the discussion about the correctness of this term, the review considers the issue of connecting devices for creating an air flow to remove excess heat.
Types and purpose of PC fans
The most powerful sources of heat inside the PC case are the central processor on the motherboard and the graphics processor on the video card. Separate fans are installed for them, structurally combined with heat-removing radiators. Such a system is usually called a cooler (as opposed to a case fan), although there is no such term in the English-language technical literature. There it is called Heatsink and fan .
Fan-heatsink assembly.
The rest of the PC components together emit less heat, and a common hot air exhaust system is sufficient to create a comfortable mode. Previously, this was enough for one device that forced air into the case. The heated air masses exited through the vents. Now the supply and exhaust system is considered effective. It consists of one or more blowers, and one or more exhaust, sucking the heated air out. The possibility of installing one or more coolers depends on the design of the case.
Also, the fan is usually built into the computer’s PSU. The connection of the cooler to the power supply is carried out during the manufacturing process and does not change during operation. But due to the widespread use of the 80 PLUS standard, in the most expensive sources of 80+ Platinum and 80+ Titanum levels, an electric motor with an impeller, as a powerful consumer, is increasingly excluded from the design of the device. Instead, other measures are applied to dissipate heat.
Coolerless power supply.
Pinout connectors
Despite the fact that externally the fans look approximately the same (an electric motor with an impeller mounted on a frame), there are different schemes for connecting them to the power circuits and differences in the pinout of the cooler’s power connectors. This is due to their different internal structure.
2 pin
The simplest fans have only two pins. They are powered by +12 volts on the red wire, and 0 volts on the black one. Such fans do not have feedback and their rotational speed (as well as serviceability) cannot be determined.
3 pin
Most common fan type with 3 pin terminal. Here, another contact from the Hall sensor mounted on the motor housing was added to the power outputs. For one revolution of the rotor, it generates two pulses. By the frequency of the appearance of pulses, the computer monitors the speed of the cooler and monitors its serviceability. When an abnormal situation occurs, an alarm is generated. You can view the turnover in real time using special utilities. For example Everest.
Screenshot of the Everest utility window showing the rotational speeds of two fans.
Unfortunately, there is no single standard for pin color marking. Most manufacturers adhere to two types of designations. They are shown in the table. 0 volt (common)
Two color coding options for 3-pin terminals.
The neutral wire in black insulation is always located at the edge, so there are usually no problems with pin identification, the cooler is connected to the power supply correctly.
4 pin
Color coded 4 wire connectors.
More advanced coolers have an additional PWM input (PWM). Pulses of a stable frequency, but a variable duty cycle, are fed to it. Depending on the pulse width, the average voltage and the average current through the electric motor change. This is how the speed of the impeller is regulated. This allows you to create automatic speed control systems. If there is no need, the speed can be reduced, reducing noise and energy consumption. As the temperature rises in the area to be cooled, the rotation speed automatically increases to increase the cooling efficiency.
Here, too, the two most common color marking options for pins. The pinout of the connector is the same. 0 volt ( ground, common)
the sequence of the variant with three contacts, and the speed control input is always made with a conductor in blue insulation.
See also: Pinout of computer power supply connectors (by colors and voltage).
Connection options
If the number of pins on the connector for connecting the cooler and on the fan itself is the same, then there is no problem. Connectors are connected to each other, non-observance of polarity is excluded due to the presence of the key . If they do not match, then options are possible.
3-pin to 4-pin
Three- and four-pin connectors are fully compatible with each other , both electrically and mechanically. Structurally, they are made in such a way that the key allows you to connect, while there will be no pinout conflict.
Connecting a 3-pin fan to a 4-pin connector.
If the cooler has a connector with 3 pins, and a harness with 4 pins comes from the computer, then power wires are connected at the terminal, as well as speed measurement circuits. The PWM control wire remains unconnected.
Connecting a 4-pin fan to a 3-pin connector.
If the cooler has a connector with 4 pins, and a terminal with 3 pins comes from the computer, then will remain unconnected to the speed control input from the side of the electric motor. In both cases, speed control via PWM is not possible.
Connecting directly to the power supply wires
In cases where automatic airflow control is not required (usually for case fans), they can be powered directly from the power supply. In this case, the coolers will turn on when the power supply starts, and stop when it is turned off. It is rational to make such a connection for fans with two pins (without speed control). There are no fundamental restrictions for using 3- and 4-pin coolers in this capacity, but they are more expensive.
Molex male-female adapter with a branch to the cooler.
The easiest way is to connect a two-pin fan directly to a free Molex connector. It is more convenient to do this with a Molex male-female adapter with a branch for the cooler connector. If there is no free Molex in the bundle from the PSU, but there is, for example, an unused SATA power terminal, you can switch from it to Molex, and then to the fan.
How to change the rotation speed of the cooler
The rotation speed of the fan that has a PWM input (PWM) (4-pin connector option) is controlled by changing the duty cycle of the pulses coming to this input from the control circuit. The frequency can be selected based on the operating mode of the board or the entire computer, or depending on the temperature in the controlled area.
If the cooler does not have a PWM input (2 or 3 pins in the connector), automatic regulation is not possible. But you can select the rotation mode manually by changing the supply voltage. It is convenient to use a free Molex connector for this. It contains:
- two black ground wires;
- yellow wire +12 volts;
- red wire +5 volts.
This allows you to get three voltage combinations:
- by connecting the fan to the yellow and black wires of the power supply, you can get a voltage of 12 volts and maximum speed;
- when connected to the red and black wires, the fan will be powered by 5 volts – the minimum speed;
- when connected between the red and yellow wires, a potential difference of 7 volts (12-5=7) and an intermediate speed are obtained.
Options for connecting the fan to different voltage levels of the Molex connector.
If there is an urgent need for the cooler to operate at ultra-low speeds, you can try to take a voltage of +3.3 volts, for example, from the SATA connector, but it is not certain that at this level the fan will have enough torque to start rotating the rotor.
Can multiple fans be installed? The cooler consumes relatively little, so you can connect two or more fans directly to the power supply. But first, it’s still better to estimate the current margin on the +12 volt line, or even better, measure the actual consumption (this can be done with DC clamp meters), see how much power the selected fan consumes and determine the possibility of installation.
Read also
How to find out if the power supply is enough on the computer The question here is not only in the load capacity of the supply and control lines. When the rotors rotate, the Hall sensors will produce pulses out of phase, so the correct rotation speed measurement will not work.