Trucking refrigerators: U.S. Leader for Portable Semi-Truck Fridges

Portable, Large, Built-in and Mini Fridges

November 11, 2022

It is no secret that Big Rigs, 18 Wheelers and Long Haul drivers spend countless hours on the road, so the need for healthy, nutritious meals is no small matter to them. That is especially true for over the road truckers who spend weeks on the road, without coming back home.

It is true that the USA has plenty of road-side restaurants, serving all kinds of snacks and dishes. However, you cannot be sure whether the food is fresh or well-prepared. Improper nutrition might result in acute stomach problems, chronic diseases and other conditions that can have a major impact on one’s health, productivity and income in the long run.

With this in mind, many drivers choose to bring homemade food along for the trip. This calls for proper selection of food and storage appliances, as the trucker’s job means spending long periods of time on the road, and it is critical to keep the food fresh and healthy.

In this article, we aim to present all the pros and cons of purchasing various types of truck refrigerators in a market brimming with brands and models.

Contents:

1. How to Choose a Semi-truck Refrigerator?
2. Important Points to Consider When Choosing a Semi-truck Refrigerator
3. What Types of Devices Can Truly Be Called Refrigerators for Truckers?
4. Best Mini Fridge for Truckers
5. Best Large Fridges for Truckers
6. Best Portable Fridges for Truckers
7. Best Built-in Fridges for Truckers
8. Best 12V Truck Fridges
9. Best Electric Cooler for Truckers
10. Conclusion

How to choose a semi-truck refrigerator?

Here are some tips on how to choose quality refrigerators for truckers.

1. Available space in the cab is the main point to consider: the more space you have the bigger fridge you can fit.
2. Choose your favorite format: a portable trucker freezer or fridge you can carry with you any time, a built-in model for maximum comfort, or even a small standalone fridge you can jerry-rig inside your cab.
3. Think of the way you will open your fridge: it may be a hinged door (right and left options are available), a chest, or a drawer type.
4. Next, do you want a freezer? Some models are the combined refrigerator/freezer type, others are single purpose (refrigerator, cooler or freezer).
5. Volume and power are interdependent and they ultimately mean self-sufficiency. The greater they are the longer you can drive without stopping. Keep in mind that excessively high power consumption can drain your battery fast!
6. Power type is important, too. There are two general options here: 12V models ready to be plugged into your cigarette lighter socket, or high voltage models that require a 110/220V source — this must be available on board or requires an inverter device. The 12V models are the best and consume less power. Or, if you want real self-sufficiency, look at models that run on propane.
7. The devil is in the details. Small features, such as lighting, can make your life easier or harder, so keep your eyes open and think ahead.
8. The refrigerator should maintain a certain temperature throughout the trip, regardless of whether it is hot or cold outside, night or day, and that might mean choosing a more expensive model. Buy nice or buy twice!

Important points to consider when choosing a semi-truck refrigerator

The purpose of a fridge you take on a trip is more than just providing space to store stuff you eat. This is food, which has to stay fresh and keep you healthy for the duration of the trip. Below are just a few of the things to consider.

Price

The price of a fridge depends on the type, size, features, brand and many other properties. For example, small coolers are cheaper than thermoelectric refrigerators, whereas compressor refrigerators are the most expensive ones.

On the other hand, compressor-type refrigerators are the coldest (and the coolest!) option, and they can keep your food cold or even frozen. By choosing a quality device, you save on maintenance.

Ultimately, the question is: how much are you willing to spend to get what you want? It is true that the price of a regular truck fridge can start at $500 and higher, but they are the best in terms of usability.

• Thermoelectric coolers/warmers start at $130 and go up to $300.
• Portable refrigerators and freezers go for $500–$700, with both DC and AC versions available.
• Built-in refrigerators can cost $700–$1200 and offer a range of options.
• Freestanding refrigerators are $250–$500 depending on volume.

Quarts

Take the time to understand and properly consider your needs. The volume of the refrigerator is a very important property that is directly related to its dimensions.

The most compact devices have a capacity up to 21–39 quarts. They are large enough to store a moderate amount of snacks and drinks.

For longer trips, choose a fridge with a capacity of 31–52 quarts, as it allows storing much more food than compact models.

The largest models have a capacity of 73–84 quarts. Remember, though, that not every truck is capable of accommodating a huge 84 quart refrigerator. In our opinion, the ideal truck fridge should have a capacity of 73 quarts or smaller.

Voltage

The best truck fridges connect to the vehicle power circuit via a 12V lighter socket. This is the perfect plug-and-play solution, where you simply connect the cable to the socket on the front panel and you are good to go.

Mini-fridges, originally intended for home use, can be wired via a 120V inverter, which is connected to the battery and looks like a box with 1–3 standard sockets to connect your fridge. Note that the voltage itself does not affect power consumption much, but devices which are not intended to run off of a car battery might just be too powerful. You may want to consider putting a larger battery into your truck to compensate for that.

A mostly European phenomenon, 24V refrigerators are not very common in the US, but if you do come across one, you can use a voltage inverter to adapt the power supply.

What types of devices can truly be called refrigerators for truckers?

Factory Fridges

Many trucks leave the factory with a built-in truck cab fridge already installed. This option normally suits truckers best in terms of power supply specs, noise level, etc., in addition to being a perfect match for the truck cabin size, designed by the truck manufacturer’s experienced engineers.

However, there is a catch. If the stock fridge breaks — and unless covered by the warranty — you might be shocked at the price of the original unit. It is not uncommon to see replacement fridges costing upward of $1600.

This is the reason why many truckers choose to replace stock units with cheaper, but still adequate, alternatives. Remember that you still can use the original installation space for the new fridge after some adjustment.

Thermoelectric models

Thermoelectric fridges operate based on the Peltier effect. To put it differently, the operating principle is based on the temperature difference under the current flow. The effect creates a temperature difference by transferring heat between two electrical junctions. A voltage is applied across joined conductors to create an electric current. When the current flows through the junctions of the two conductors, heat is removed at one junction and cooling occurs. Heat is deposited at the other junction.

The pros of buying a thermoelectric fridge:

1. Compact and occupy little space;
2. Completely silent;
3. Rugged.

Standalone mini fridges for truckers

The main advantage of freestanding models is that you can put them anywhere, even inside a trailer. You can even find models with temperature adjustment controls, and choose from a wide range of volume, power input, opening type and cooling type options. However, securing and wiring a freestanding fridge inside the cab can be a real pain. Luckily, there are installation kits available — God bless whoever invented those!

Large fridges for truckers and a trucker freezer

If the capacity of your vehicle is high enough, a large fridge can be a good option, as it allows you to store more and refill rarely. Naturally, you want a large fridge if you work on an interstate or intercontinental route where Walmarts are few and far between.

Portable fridge for truckers

Every long-distance traveler knows that a portable fridge is a must-have. These things are fairly small and light, and they fit inside a relatively small space. They are the best choice for those truckers who work local routes, and they can save them time, money and energy on a busy day.

Built-in fridges for truckers

You can often upgrade your stock fridge, and built-in models should be your number-one choice when doing so. They take up minimal space and often can even go into the slot designed by vehicle manufacturers. Alternatively, you can put one into your cabinet or replace it altogether. When choosing a built-in fridge, make sure it is compatible with your truck — see the fridge specs for the list of supported truck models. Built-in refrigerators are roomy and are often combined with freezers. Besides, they have a minimum footprint area, helping you to save the space inside the cab.

Electric coolers with a top lid

A 12V truck cooler with a top lid is the ideal choice for a long trip, as this is a convenient option that easily fits inside the limited space of a truck cabin. The fridges use little energy, yet they perform well.

Best mini fridge for truckers

If you are in the market for a semi truck refrigerator, you are probably focusing on the following qualities:

• Low noise;
• Low price;
• Up to 30 quarts of capacity;
• Low power consumption;
• Compact size.

In our opinion, the option below can be officially declared as the best mini fridge for truckers.

Midea WHD-113FB1 Double Door Mini

We have chosen this fridge as the best small refrigerator for truckers because it is:

• compact;
• stylish;
• easy to install.

Pros:

• Adjustable temperature ranges;
• Reversible door that can open from the left or right;
• Low power consumption.

Cons:

• Freezer compartment on top;
• Slight temperature fluctuations.

Best large fridges for truckers

What you have to keep in mind when choosing a device like this is the potential need for custom installation. High capacity goes hand in hand with a large size, so be sure to measure the space inside your truck cabin before you buy. The option below seems to have the best ratio of footprint to price and overall efficiency.

BLACK+DECKER BCRK25V

This space-saving compact fridge is definitely a good choice for truck drivers, with dimensions of 17.5″ x 18.5″ x 26.6″ and a capacity of 73 quarts.

Pros:

• Large capacity. The appliance has extra door shelves to store taller bottles;
• Low noise;
• Leveling legs for easy height adjustment.

Cons:

• Requires an inverter to power.

Best portable fridges for truckers

We suggest you consider the device linked below, as it is very reliable, easy to carry and capable of fitting into practically any space.

Whynter 62 Quart Dual Zone Portable Fridge

This powerful and compact stainless steel refrigerator has a capacity of approximately 63 quarts and operates at 12V. It holds the temperature well and also can be used as a freezer. The specifics of the device are:

Pros:

• Adjustable temperature ranges with a “fast freeze mode”;
• A dual zone, so you can rearrange the space inside the fridge to your liking;
• Operates under both AC and DC power;
• Insulated lid and walls;
• Quiet.

Cons:

• Price: this fridge is a little expensive.

Best built-in fridges for truckers

At the end of the day, the ideal choice for limited spaces, such as trucks, cars and trailers, are built-in bridges.

It should be noted, though, that these units are on average 30% more expensive than other types of fridges. They are also difficult to clean and maintain, as the access to some of their parts might be obstructed.

The following model is worth considering.

ARB 10801352 Portable Fridge Freezer

This unit can be easily built into the case under the cabin bed. The model has the following specs: capacity of 37 quarts, dimensions of 30.31″D x 18.9″W x 16.93″H. This compact appliance is the best choice for trucks with limited space in the cab.

Pros:

• Bluetooth transmitter that allows full control and monitoring via Android and Apple devices.

Cons:

• An additional battery may be required for the unit to run it when the engine is off;
• Many users say the internal temperature of the fridge is always several degrees off compared to what the front panel says.

Best 12V truck fridges

Smad Mini Fridge for Truckers – 12 V Truck Fridge

The Smad Mini fridge is a compact refrigerator with a lock. It has a capacity of 31 quarts. This is enough for storing one person’s food and drinks. However, it normally requires a deep-cycle battery.

Pros:

• Quiet;
• Easy to clean;
• Reversible doors;
• Safety locks;
• Automatic defrosting system;
• Adjustable thermostat.

Cons:

• Does not cool well — just keeps food from heating up.

Best electric cooler for truckers

AA Products Car Fridge

This is a portable 12 V truck fridge having a capacity of 25 liters, enough to cover the daily needs of one person.

Pros:

• Battery protection;
• Two modes: fast cooling and energy saving;
• Two power supply options.

Cons:

• Small capacity.

Read about other best coolers for truck drivers in our article.

Conclusion

Any device that is used for work rather than leisure has to be chosen very carefully, as it might directly affect how much money you are making.

After reviewing available products, we have selected the most popular and reliable options for a fridge for truckers and presented these in the article above. We hope that this overview will help you to make the right choice and enjoy the device you purchase.

One more option for getting a truck with a high-quality fridge inside is joining HMD, as each truck in our fleet is equipped with a fridge by default. That is not the only benefit of working with us, so please visit our website for more, and join our team.

We also recommend that you read our article on cooking equipment for truck drivers.

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Flush mounted refrigerators add style and save space

When choosing your truck refrigerator, finding a compact unit that fits in confined spaces is often a high priority. However, as well compact dimensions, have you also considered a flush-mounted truck fridge? Not only does the flush mounting save on space, it also looks incredibly stylish.

Solar powered truck refrigerators

The first advantage of running your truck refrigerator with solar power is that is saves money. But solar energy is not only free, it’s an environmentally friendly option too. Plus, if your truck fridge runs on solar power, you can ensure that you won’t drain your vehicle battery while keeping your drinks cool.

A tailor-made refrigerator for your truck

We have specially designed truck refrigerators for some of the most popular brands of truck on the market. If, for example, you own a Volvo VH or a Mercedes-Benz Actros 2 or 3 model, then you should check out our truck fridges which are tailor-made specifically for those vehicles.

Truck refrigerators for reliable cold chain management

If your vehicle is responsible for delivering fresh produce, we have specially designed truck refrigerators and truck freezers with factory-preset fixed temperatures (+4 °C or –18 °C), so the obligatory cold chain is reliably maintained at all times. Features such as a top loader design for quick and easy access to contents, ensure minimal loss of cool air when the sliding door is opened. On top of that, the pallet feet on the underside of the container ensure convenient loading and unloading with a forklift.

Truck refrigerators designed to cool in the hot environments

The inside of a truck cabin can get very warm, especially when the air conditioner is turned off. Fortunately, this won’t impact the cooling performance of your truck fridge. The powerful compressor cooling technology used in our truck refrigerators is able to cool in the hottest environments.

Three tips for efficient and economical operation of your truck refrigerator:

Close the truck refrigerator properly

Make sure you always close the doors of your refrigerator properly. Some truck refrigerators have features, such magnetic seals, to ensure the door closes firmly. However, it is always worth checking the condition of the seals from time to time, so you can be certain that cold air is not escaping from your truck refrigerator.

Do not overload your truck refrigerator

For the best cooling results from your truck refrigerator, it is important that cold air can circulate through the shelves and around the stored food or drink. If your truck fridge is packed full, then the effective circulation of cool air will be restricted and, as a result, the cooling performance weakened.

Turn your refrigerator on the day before

By turning your truck refrigerator on the night before your trip, you can ensure that the fridge is cooled to an optimal temperature. Doing this overnight also requires less energy due the cooler ambient temperature. You should also place anything that is already frozen into your truck freezer to help reduce the work of the freezer as it lowers the temperature.

what it is, how it works and where it is used

Back in the mid-1800s, people and companies were desperately trying to find the most efficient way to transport perishable goods. For many years, trains were the only option for transporting such goods.

The first ever refrigerated truck appeared in 1938 when American Frederick McKinley Jones invented a portable air cooler for use on trucks. In 1940, he received a patent, found a business partner, and already at 1949 built a multi-million dollar company. Jones’ invention of the portable refrigeration unit was of great importance during World War II. This made it possible to deliver various perishable goods to military hospitals and to the front.

And yet a modern refrigerator – what it is, what they are and what they are used for. Let’s explore the world of refrigerated trucks, find out how they work and why they are so important.

Contents

• 1 What are refrigerated trucks?
• 2 Where it is used
• 3 Classification of refrigerated trucks
• 4 Types of temperature controlled vehicles
• 5 Construction of a refrigerated truck

What are refrigerated trucks?

Refrigerators are trucks or trailers (semi-trailers) with a unique design, designed to transport perishable goods such as fruits, vegetables, seafood, meat, etc.

In fact, refs look like standard trucks, but the device refrigerated truck has several important differences:

• Consisting of three elements: own chassis adapted for panel mounting and semi-trailer or box body with refrigeration unit.
• Walls, ceiling and floors are sheathed with metal (aluminum and stainless steel) or fiberglass.
• Insulators are polyurethane foam and aluminum foil with air gaps. This not only improves the insulation, but also prevents the floors and walls from absorbing product odors.

Where it is used

It may seem surprising, but “perishable goods” is a very broad concept that includes not only fresh fruits, vegetables, meat, frozen and dairy products. Today’s truck and trailer refrigeration systems also keep other high-value cargoes at the ideal temperatures, humidity, to ensure they arrive safely at their final destination.

Due to regulatory and economic considerations, the cold chain has expanded. Now, among other things that are transported in refrigerators, climate control is required by:

• Pharmaceutics. Frequently used medicines, such as insulin and the seasonal flu vaccine, should be transported and stored at the correct temperature.
• Expensive tobacco products require a strictly controlled temperature level to maintain freshness and quality.
• Fine arts and antiques. Climate control is vital when transporting art, antiques, collectible cars and other valuable items. These items often travel long distances in controlled climates.
• Personal hygiene products. Cosmetics, perfumes and other personal care products must be protected from the possibility of deterioration during transport from the factory to the warehouse and back. Lipstick, for example, can melt easily if not kept at the right temperature.
• Chemistry and engineering materials. Climate control helps to reduce the chance of a chemical reaction that could lead to a fire/explosion or affect the quality of the cargo.

Although refrigerated trucks are often used to maintain cooler temperatures, they can also heat the air inside the body. In winter, shippers use refs to protect heat sensitive products from freezing.

Refrigerator classification

Special equipment used for the transport of perishable goods must meet the appropriate insulation and refrigeration standards as defined by the European regulations formulated in the ATP agreement. The agreement states the following:

• Sets standards for temperature-controlled vehicles such as motor vehicles, rail cars and sea containers.
• Lists the foodstuffs to be transported and sets the highest allowable temperatures for types of cargo.
• Specifies the tests to be carried out on such equipment to ensure that it meets the required standards. The standards apply to body and refrigeration units.
• Provides a certification system for conforming equipment.
• All contracting parties are required to accept certificates issued under an agreement by competent authorities.

According to these standards, it is customary to distinguish the following types of refrigerators, divided into classes depending on the maintained temperature regime:

• A – range: from +12 ° C to 0 ° C;
• V – range: +12 °C to -10 °C;
• C – range: from +12 °C to -20 °C;
• D – range: ≤ +2 °C;
• E – range: ≤ -10 °C;
• F – range: ≤ -20 °C.

Many types of refrigerators, semi-trailers or trailers designed to transport perishable goods are type approved in accordance with the required standards and certificates:

• FRC;
• FRB;
• F.R.A.;
• FNA.

This marking corresponds to refs relating to classes with reinforced body insulation C, B, A, as well as to normally insulated refrigerated trucks of class A. The validity of the certificate is 6 years. After six years, certification can be renewed for another 3 years by passing a performance test at an approved ATP test station.

Types of vehicles with controlled temperature

The transportation of perishable goods is regulated not only by European agreements, but by sanitary rules that require the cleanliness of the closed body, compliance with the temperature regime, thereby determining what refrigerators are:

• Isothermal ATS – TS on an adapted automobile chassis, where the thermally insulating walls of the body limit heat transfer between the inner and outer surfaces in two versions: the heat transfer coefficient is up to 0.7 W/(m2 • °C) or above 0.4 W/(m2 • °C).
• Glacier – a vehicle where eutectic plates, ice, both natural and dry, liquefied gases can be a source of cold. The main condition is that the temperature in the body must decrease and be kept at a given level, even if it is +30 °С behind the boron.
• Refrigerator – a vehicle that has its own refrigeration unit, which can lower and maintain the set temperature when outside + 30 ° C.
• Heated ATS – TS, here equipment is installed inside the body, the task of which is to raise the temperature to the desired level and keep it for a given period of time.
• Tanker – in such a ref with thermally insulated walls, products such as milk, mu, etc. are transported, which are not packed.
• Sectional refrigerated trucks – vehicles divided into sections in which different temperatures can be maintained.
• Carcass carrier – trucks, trailers or semi-trailers with a reinforced frame, on the ceiling of which there are hooks for hanging carcasses. In this case, the total weight of the cargo cannot be 2/3 of the carrying capacity of the vehicle.
• Refs for flowers – cars in which special shelves are located – trolls, on which flowers and plants in pots are transported.

Refrigerated unit design

Refrigerated trucks are actually designed not so much to cool the product as to maintain it at a certain temperature. Main structural elements:

• Compressor. Attached to the engine and driven by the truck’s belt system, the compressor acts on the system’s refrigerant gas, compressing it and sending it to the condenser.
• Capacitor. Located on a refrigerated trailer, the condenser takes in concentrated refrigerant gas and converts it to a liquid. This happens when the refrigerant passes through small winding tubes (the evaporator coil) through which it enters the air inside the body. The high specific surface area of ​​these small tubes ensures maximum cooling. As the refrigerant heats up, it becomes gaseous again and eventually returns to the compressor to restart the process.
• Insulation. All refrigeration technology would be useless if the truck didn’t have enough insulation. The entire body usually has a uniform layer of polyurethane foam that provides a barrier between the temperature-controlled interior and the heat and moisture outside.

The cooling process is not really about adding cold air, but about removing the generated heat.

Refs of the above type “heat-cold” can be used all year round, because they can both lower the temperature inside the body and maintain it at a given level. Such equipment uses a pressure sensor that is installed with the compressor control circuit. But in the “cold” installation, the sensor is connected to the control unit, which allows you to maintain a low temperature in the body even during loading and unloading operations.

The most common finish for a refrigerator body is monolithic sandwich panels 4-8 cm thick, since they have a very low thermal conductivity coefficient and are resistant to mold and decay.

But the frame thermobox is considered a less efficient and uneconomical option for a ref, because it is difficult to maintain a low temperature inside such a thermobox, and the inevitable condensate that forms leads to corrosion of metal parts.

Most of the refrigerated trucks are vans that can be installed on any truck, including the Gazelle. The installation of refrigeration equipment will allow transporting perishable products, increase the versatility of the machine, and expand the range of goods transported.

principle of operation and device: YarKamp

Article content:

1. Refrigerator
   1. Chassis
   2. Isothermal van
   3. Refrigeration unit
2. How the refrigerator works
3. How to choose a refrigerator

A key requirement for the transportation of perishable food, medicines and some other types of cargo is maintaining optimal temperature conditions. To solve this transport problem, automobile refrigerators are used. They differ in carrying capacity, power of refrigeration units, temperature conditions and other parameters.

In this article we will talk about what refrigerators are and how they operate. We will also look at the vapor compression cycle on which most refrigeration systems are based.

Refrigerator arrangement

All types of refrigerators consist of three main elements: chassis, isothermal van and refrigeration unit.

Chassis

Truck tractors are most often used to transport chilled and frozen goods over long distances. Some types of refrigerators are installed on universal truck chassis.

Isothermal van

Represents a hermetic heat-insulated booth. Frameless isothermal vans are made from prefabricated sandwich panels. All joints between them are sealed, and the inner surfaces are finished with plastic, moisture-resistant plywood, and sheet metal.

Frame models consist of load-bearing beams, outer and inner cladding, between which insulation is laid – polyurethane foam or expanded polystyrene. In frame models, an additional layer of reflective (foil) insulation is often used. The doors of the van have the same thermal insulation as the walls of the body and are equipped with elastic seals.

The interior space of some isothermal vans is divided by partitions into chambers with different temperature regimes. In such bodies, it is possible to simultaneously transport goods in a chilled form and in a state of deep freezing.

Refrigeration unit

Consists of compressor, condenser, expansion valve, evaporator and connecting pipes. Freon is used as a working fluid. The refrigeration unit is a sealed closed circuit, the features of which we will consider below. It can be made in the form of a monoblock or a split system.

One of the key points in the device is the design of the drive of the refrigeration unit. The following can be used to rotate the compressor shaft:

• Mechanical transmission . The drive from the power take-off or directly from the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine has a significant drawback: the instantaneous power of the refrigeration unit depends on the engine speed.
• Motor . It is connected to the electrical network of the car, receives power from the generator, and when the internal combustion engine is turned off, from the battery.
• Independent Diesel Generator . Such a drive is used in powerful refrigerators with large volume vans. The refrigeration unit with an independent drive does not affect the service life of the internal combustion engine chassis.

How a refrigerator works

A car refrigerator is basically the same as a domestic refrigerator. The refrigeration plant takes low-grade heat from the isothermal chamber, converts it into high-grade heat, and then dissipates it into the atmosphere.

The principle of operation of the refrigerator is built on a vapor compression cycle:

1. Gaseous freon is compressed by a compressor and passes into a liquid state. At the same time, its temperature rises above 100 ° C.
2. The liquid enters the condenser, which is a heat exchanger. Here it is cooled by air blowing. Please note: often the condenser unit is installed on the roof of the cabin or trailer so that nothing blocks the air flow while the vehicle is moving.
3. Freon enters the evaporator, which is also a heat exchanger. Here it passes into the gaseous state. In the process of boiling, freon absorbs a large amount of thermal energy. The evaporator is located inside the van and is blown by a fan.
4. After the evaporator, freon gas goes back to the compressor.

In order for the freon to boil in the evaporator, it is necessary to reduce the pressure in this section of the system. For this, thermostatic and solenoid valves, as well as a pressure regulator, are used.

Automatic regulation and control of the temperature in the refrigerator is carried out by a microprocessor. The set parameters are maintained with an accuracy of 0.1 ° C.

Most refrigerators can work in reverse: produce both cold and heat, like domestic climate systems. The refrigeration unit works “for heat” when goods that require a positive temperature are transported in the van, and there is frost outside.

How to choose a refrigerator

When choosing a refrigerator, you need to start from the planned volumes of goods, the distances they will be transported, and the required temperature conditions.

According to the carrying capacity and volume of the body, such vehicles are divided into the following categories:

• Light trucks .